ASP.NET MVC实现树形导航菜单
网络编程
在需要处理很多分类以及导航的时候，树形导航菜单就比较适合。例如在汽车之家上：
页面主要分两部分，左边是导航菜单，右边显示对应的内容。现在，我们就在ASP.NET MVC 4 下临摹一个，如下：
实现的效果包括：
1、点击导航菜单上的品牌，左侧显示该品牌下的所有车型。
2、点击导航菜单上的车系，左侧显示该车系下的所有车型。
3、点击左侧上方的字母导航，锚点跳到导航菜单的对应部分。
4、页面加载完毕，显示所有品牌和车系，即树形导航完全展开。
5、点击导航菜单上的品牌，收缩或展开对应的车系，收缩时，品牌前面图标为+号，展开时，品牌前面的图片为-号。
源码部分，在这里。
思路呢？
页面分成左右2部分，使用Bootstrap轻松实现：
<div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2 col-lg-2 col-sm-2"> </div> <div class="col-md-10 col-lg-10 col-sm-10"> </div></div>
左侧最上方的字母导航，被放在一个div中，页面加载的时候向控制器动态请求。
品牌上方的字母归类，比如奥迪上方的字母A，实际上是一个div。
品牌和车系放在了ul中，比如奥迪品牌以及奥迪下的奥迪A4和奥迪A6车系。车系被放在了dl中。
树形菜单采用模版比较合适，先把数据填充到模版，再把模版追加到页面元素。
当点击左侧树形导航上的品牌或车系，右侧通过iframe来呈现对应的内容。
领域先行。有关品牌和车系就抽象成如下的类：
public class CarCategory { public int Id { get; set; } public int ParentId { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string FirstLetter { get; set; } public string AnchorName { get; set; } public int Level { get; set; } public short DelFlag { get; set; } }有关车型就抽象成如下的类：
public class Car { public int Id { get; set; } public int PinPaiId { get; set; } public int CheXiId { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } }页面左侧呈现树形导航需要向控制器请求json数据，大致格式是：
首字母
锚点名称
所有品牌
品牌编号
品牌名称
所有车系
车系编号
车系名称
车系下车型的总数量
貌似有3层，那就从最里面这层开始建模。有关车系在树形导航中的显示：
public class CheXiForDisplay { public int CheXiId { get; set; } public int TotalCount { get; set; } public string CheXiName { get; set; } }有关品牌在树形导航中的显示：
public class PinPaiForDisplay { public int PinPaiId { get; set; } public string PinPaiName { get; set; } public List<CheXiForDisplay> CheXis { get; set; } }有关品牌车系分组的：
public class PinPaiCheXiForDisplay { public string FirstLetter { get; set; } public string Anchor { get; set; } public List<PinPaiForDisplay> PinPais { get; set; } }数据源从哪里来？模拟了一个：
public class Database { public static IEnumerable<CarCategory> GetAllCarCategories() { return new List<CarCategory> { new CarCategory(){Id = 1, ParentId = 0, Name = "奥迪",FirstLetter = "A", AnchorName = "AA", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 2, ParentId = 0, Name = "宝马",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 3, ParentId = 0, Name = "保时捷",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 4, ParentId = 0, Name = "长安",FirstLetter = "C", AnchorName = "CC", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 5, ParentId = 0, Name = "大众",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 6, ParentId = 0, Name = "东风",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 7, ParentId = 0, Name = "丰田",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "FF", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 8, ParentId = 0, Name = "福特",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "FF", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 9, ParentId = 1, Name = "奥迪A4",FirstLetter = "A", AnchorName = "AA", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 10, ParentId = 1, Name = "奥迪A6",FirstLetter = "A", AnchorName = "AA", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 11, ParentId = 2, Name = "宝马1",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 12, ParentId = 2, Name = "宝马2",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 13, ParentId = 3, Name = "保时捷1",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 14, ParentId = 3, Name = "保时捷2",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 15, ParentId = 4, Name = "长安1",FirstLetter = "C", AnchorName = "CC", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 16, ParentId = 4, Name = "长安2",FirstLetter = "C", AnchorName = "CC", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 17, ParentId = 5, Name = "大众1",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 18, ParentId = 5, Name = "大众2",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 2, DelFlag = 1}, new CarCategory(){Id = 19, ParentId = 6, Name = "东风1",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 20, ParentId = 6, Name = "东风2",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 21, ParentId = 7, Name = "丰田1",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "FF", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 22, ParentId = 7, Name = "丰田2",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "FF", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 23, ParentId = 8, Name = "福特1",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "AFF", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0}, new CarCategory(){Id = 24, ParentId = 8, Name = "福特2",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "AFF", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0} }; } public static IEnumerable<Car> GetAllCars() { return new List<Car> { new Car(){Id = 1, PinPaiId = 1, CheXiId = 9, Name = "奥迪A401"}, new Car(){Id = 2, PinPaiId = 1, CheXiId = 9, Name = "奥迪A402"}, new Car(){Id = 3, PinPaiId = 1, CheXiId = 10, Name = "奥迪A601"}, new Car(){Id = 4, PinPaiId = 1, CheXiId = 10, Name = "奥迪A602"}, new Car(){Id = 5, PinPaiId = 2, CheXiId = 11, Name = "宝马101"}, new Car(){Id = 6, PinPaiId = 2, CheXiId = 11, Name = "宝马102"}, new Car(){Id = 7, PinPaiId = 2, CheXiId = 12, Name = "宝马201"}, new Car(){Id = 8, PinPaiId = 2, CheXiId = 12, Name = "宝马202"}, new Car(){Id = 9, PinPaiId = 3, CheXiId = 13, Name = "保时捷101"}, new Car(){Id = 10, PinPaiId = 3, CheXiId = 13, Name = "保时捷102"}, new Car(){Id = 11, PinPaiId = 3, CheXiId = 14, Name = "保时捷201"}, new Car(){Id = 12, PinPaiId = 3, CheXiId = 14, Name = "保时捷202"}, new Car(){Id = 13, PinPaiId = 4, CheXiId = 15, Name = "长安101"}, new Car(){Id = 14, PinPaiId = 4, CheXiId = 15, Name = "长安102"}, new Car(){Id = 15, PinPaiId = 4, CheXiId = 16, Name = "长安201"}, new Car(){Id = 16, PinPaiId = 4, CheXiId = 16, Name = "长安202"}, new Car(){Id = 17, PinPaiId = 5, CheXiId = 17, Name = "大众101"}, new Car(){Id = 18, PinPaiId = 5, CheXiId = 17, Name = "大众102"}, new Car(){Id = 19, PinPaiId = 5, CheXiId = 18, Name = "大众201"}, new Car(){Id = 20, PinPaiId = 5, CheXiId = 18, Name = "大众202"}, new Car(){Id = 21, PinPaiId = 6, CheXiId = 19, Name = "东风101"}, new Car(){Id = 22, PinPaiId = 6, CheXiId = 19, Name = "东风102"}, new Car(){Id = 23, PinPaiId = 6, CheXiId = 20, Name = "东风201"}, new Car(){Id = 24, PinPaiId = 6, CheXiId = 20, Name = "东风202"}, new Car(){Id = 25, PinPaiId = 7, CheXiId = 21, Name = "丰田101"}, new Car(){Id = 26, PinPaiId = 7, CheXiId = 21, Name = "丰田102"}, new Car(){Id = 27, PinPaiId = 7, CheXiId = 22, Name = "丰田201"}, new Car(){Id = 28, PinPaiId = 7, CheXiId = 22, Name = "丰田202"}, new Car(){Id = 29, PinPaiId = 8, CheXiId = 23, Name = "福特101"}, new Car(){Id = 30, PinPaiId = 8, CheXiId = 23, Name = "福特102"}, new Car(){Id = 31, PinPaiId = 8, CheXiId = 24, Name = "福特201"}, new Car(){Id = 32, PinPaiId = 8, CheXiId = 24, Name = "福特202"} }; } }好，现在可以向控制器要数据了。
public class HomeController : Controller { public ActionResult Index() { return View(); } //获取所有首字母以及锚点的json public ActionResult GetFirstLettersJson() { var allCarCategories = Database.GetAllCarCategories(); var result = from l in allCarCategories group l by l.FirstLetter into g select new {firstletter = g.Key, anchor=g.ToList()[0].AnchorName}; return Json(result, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet); } //获取按首字母分组后的品牌车系json public ActionResult GetPinPaiCheXiJson() { var allPinPais = Database.GetAllCarCategories().Where(c => c.Level == 1).OrderBy(c => c.FirstLetter); var allPinPaisGroup = from p in allPinPais group p by new { p.FirstLetter, p.AnchorName }; List<PinPaiCheXiForDisplay> result1 = new List<PinPaiCheXiForDisplay>(); foreach (var item in allPinPaisGroup) { //品牌车系 PinPaiCheXiForDisplay pinPaiCheXiForDisplay = new PinPaiCheXiForDisplay(); pinPaiCheXiForDisplay.FirstLetter = item.Key.FirstLetter; pinPaiCheXiForDisplay.Anchor = item.Key.AnchorName; //品牌 List<PinPaiForDisplay> pinPaiForDisplays = new List<PinPaiForDisplay>(); foreach (var pinpai in item.ToList()) { PinPaiForDisplay pinPaiForDisplay = new PinPaiForDisplay(); pinPaiForDisplay.PinPaiId = pinpai.Id; pinPaiForDisplay.PinPaiName = pinpai.Name; //车系 List<CheXiForDisplay> cheXiForDisplays = new List<CheXiForDisplay>(); var cheXis = Database.GetAllCarCategories().Where(c => c.ParentId == pinpai.Id).OrderBy(c => c.Id); foreach (var chexi in cheXis) { CheXiForDisplay cheXiForDisplay = new CheXiForDisplay(); cheXiForDisplay.CheXiId = chexi.Id; cheXiForDisplay.CheXiName = chexi.Name; cheXiForDisplay.TotalCount = cheXis.Count(); cheXiForDisplays.Add(cheXiForDisplay); } pinPaiForDisplay.CheXis = cheXiForDisplays; pinPaiForDisplays.Add(pinPaiForDisplay); } pinPaiCheXiForDisplay.PinPais = pinPaiForDisplays; result1.Add(pinPaiCheXiForDisplay); } return Json(result1, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet); } //根据品牌Id显示车型 public ActionResult GetCheXingsByPId(int pid) { var cars = Database.GetAllCars().Where(c => c.PinPaiId == pid); return View(cars); } //根据车系Id显示车型 public ActionResult GetCheXingsByChexiId(int cxid) { var cars = Database.GetAllCars().Where(c => c.CheXiId == cxid); return View(cars); } }在Shared/_Layout.cshtml中，该引用的css,js都要引用上。
<head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> <title>@ViewBag.Title</title> <link href="~/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet" /> @Styles.Render("~/Content/css") @RenderSection("styles", required: false) @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery") <script src="~/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script></head><body> @RenderBody() @RenderSection("scripts", required: false)</body>Home/Index.cshtml就负责显示就行了。
@{ ViewBag.Title = "Index"; Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";}@section styles{ <link href="~/Content/sidemenu.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet" />}<div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2 col-lg-2 col-sm-2"> <!--字母导航开始--> <div id="lDaoHang"> </div> <!--字母导航结束--> <!--树开始--> <div id="cTreeDiv" style="overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: scroll; height: 550px; width: 99%;"> </div> <!--树结束--> <div> <dl id="test"></dl> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-10 col-lg-10 col-sm-10"> <div class="carContent" id="carContent"> <iframe id="frameCar" src="" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" height="100%" width="100%" onload="this.height=this.contentWindow.document.documentElement.scrollHeight"></iframe> </div> </div></div>@section scripts{ <script src="~/Scripts/jquery.tmpl.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function () { //加载首字母 $.getJSON('@Url.Action("GetFirstLettersJson", "Home")', function (data) { $('#firstLetterTemplate').tmpl(data).appendTo('#lDaoHang'); }); //加载所有品牌车系 $.getJSON('@Url.Action("GetPinPaiCheXiJson", "Home")', function (data) { $('#pinpaiTemplate').tmpl(data).appendTo('#cTreeDiv'); $('.pLink').each(function () { pinPaiInitialState($(this)); }); }); //隐藏ifame所在div $("#carContent").css("display", "none"); //点击品牌 $('#cTreeDiv').on("click", ".pLink", function () { //切换 togglePinPaiState($(this)); //显示右边区域 var url = "/Home/GetCheXingsByPId?pid=" + $(this).attr('id'); $("#frameCar").attr("src", url); $("#carContent").css("display", "block"); }); //点击车系 $('#cTreeDiv').on("click", ".cxLink", function () { //显示右边区域 var url = "/Home/GetCheXingsByChexiId?cxid=" + $(this).attr('id'); $("#frameCar").attr("src", url); $("#carContent").css("display", "block"); }); }); //品牌的初始状态,即把车系隐藏和品牌前面的图标为+号 var pstate = 0; //品牌只有2种状态：所有车系隐藏，品牌前面的图标变为为+号；要么显示品牌下的所有车系，品牌前面的图标变为-号 //把车系隐藏和品牌前面的图标为+号，记为状态0 //把车系隐藏和品牌前面的图标为-号，记为状态1 function togglePinPaiState($pinpai) { if (pstate == 0) { var $i = $pinpai.parent().find("i"); var attr = $i.attr('class'); if (typeof attr !== typeof undefined && attr !== false) { $i.removeClass("iconHide"); } $i.addClass("iconShow"); $pinpai.parent().parent().find("dl").show(); pstate = 1; } else { var $j = $pinpai.parent().find("i"); var attr1 = $j.attr('class'); if (typeof attr1 !== typeof undefined && attr1 !== false) { $j.removeClass("iconShow"); } $j.addClass("iconHide"); $pinpai.parent().parent().find("dl").hide(); pstate = 0; } } function pinPaiInitialState($pinpai) { pstate = 0; togglePinPaiState($pinpai); } </script> <!--首字母模版--> <script id="firstLetterTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <div class="lWrapper"> <a href="#${anchor}" rel="external nofollow" class="lLink">${firstletter}</a> </div> </script> <!--品牌模版--> <script id="pinpaiTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <div class="lHeader" id="${Anchor}">${FirstLetter}</div> <ul class="uTree"> {{if PinPais}} {{each PinPais}} <li> <h5 class="font-bold"> <a href="javascript:void(0)" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="pLink" id="${$value.PinPaiId}"><i></i>${$value.PinPaiName}</a> </h5> <dl> {{tmpl(CheXis) "#chexiTemplate"}} </dl> </li> {{/each}} {{else}} <li>没有对应品牌</li> {{/if}} </ul> </script> <!--车系模版--> <script id="chexiTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <dd><a id="${CheXiId}" href="javascript:void(0)" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="cxLink">${CheXiName}<em>(${TotalCount})</em></a></dd> </script>}以上，
- 从控制器返回的有关树形菜单的json数据，先填充到jquery.tmpl.min.js模版中，然后追加到页面上。
- 树形菜单的展开或收缩，通过全局变量pstate在0和1之间的切换来实现，页面初次加载给变量pstate一个初始值。
另外，点击树形导航上的品牌，iframe加载的视图是Home/GetCheXingsByPId.cshtml
@model IEnumerable<MvcApplication1.Models.Car>@{ ViewBag.Title = "GetCheXingsByPId"; Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";}<h2>GetCheXingsByPId</h2><div> @foreach (var item in Model) { <p>@item.Name </p> }</div>点击树形导航上的车系，iframe加载的视图是Home/GetCheXingsByChexiId.cshtml
@model IEnumerable<MvcApplication1.Models.Car>@{ ViewBag.Title = "GetCheXingsByChexiId"; Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";}<h2>GetCheXingsByChexiId</h2><div> @foreach (var item in Model) { <p>@item.Name </p> }</div>就这样。
到此这篇关于ASP.NET MVC实现树形导航菜单的文章就介绍到这了。希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。
编辑：广州明生医药有限公司
标签：车系,品牌,奥迪,保时捷,福特